Burning Mouth Syndrome
Comprehensive Overview of Burning Mouth Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Options, and Psychological Impacts on Patient Quality of Life
What is burning mouth syndrome (BMS)?
- Burning mouth syndrome is a condition which is characterized by a burning pain or unpleasant sensation usually confined to the lips or tongue but can be more widespread in the mouth.
- The sensation can be continuous or may come and go. Sometimes it can also be accompanied by other symptoms such as a sensation of dry mouth, an unpleasant taste or feelings of numbness.
- Some people find the symptoms can increase with talking, eating hot or spicy foods and in times of stress. Others have reported that symptoms can be reduced by some foods or drink, sleep or rest and distraction, although this is usually a temporary effect.
- This condition can have a variety of symptoms, and you may experience symptoms that are not mentioned here. Sometimes you will see BMS referred to by other names such as ‘oral dysaesthesia’ or ‘stomatodynia’.
Who Gets BMS?
It is thought that BMS can affect up to around 4% of the population. BMS is much more common in women than men; there is an increased occurrence in women around the time of the menopause.
What causes BMS?
Burning sensation is rarely a symptom of mouth cancer or infection, but it may be caused by other diseases, deficiencies or occasionally by certain medications. Scientific studies suggest that in many people with the condition, changes occur in the way the mouth transmits warmth, cold and taste signals to the brain. This can result in pain, discomfort, or a burning sensation. This process is called “neuropathic pain” as it is caused by changes in the way the nerves transmit messages to the brain. We often do not know why this can happen.
How is BMS diagnosed?
Before a diagnosis can be made, you may need to have some blood taken to check for other conditions such as anaemia or vitamin deficiencies. If any abnormality is found, treating the underlying condition may alleviate the symptoms. Should any underlying medical issues be excluded as a cause for your symptoms a diagnosis of Burning Mouth Syndrome can be made.
What are the effects of living with BMS?
Living with ongoing physical symptoms can be a challenge. Some people find their symptoms do not have a major impact on their life, although they may find the symptoms annoying or frustrating. Others can find it more difficult to continue with activities and can find the symptoms very distressing. If you find that the symptoms are causing you to feel low or stop you undertaking your usual activities, then you may find it helpful to discuss this during your consultation.
Managing BMS Symptoms
Living with BMS can be challenging, but many people find ways to manage their symptoms and maintain a good quality of life. Pain management can often include medications that are helpful for pain symptoms. Pain management strategies can be discussed during your consultation.